Past research has shown children from step families are more likely to show aggression, have problems at school, suffer depression, be sexually active at a younger age, and leave home earlier than children from families with both biological parents.

The obvious stresses experienced during the transition phase toward a new family structure may deeply affect children.

On the one hand the child may be pleased for their parent and excited about the idea of having a new “dad” or “mom.” On the other, they may feel uncertain, sad, angry and rejected. They may feel left out of the new family or view their previously established position within a single parent family as threatened.

For parents, a second marriage represents a welcome relief from loneliness, as well as providing financial benefits, and an extra pair of hands. However, some mothers react to this new relationship by emotionally withdrawing from their children, providing less supervision and being less consistent in dealing with misbehavior.

But parents are also naturally protective of their children and many couples end their second marriage because a parent feels their children’s relationship with their step parent is poor, even though the couple themselves get along well.

So what are the essential skills that will help children, parents and step parents survive the transition to a new family?

The key seems to be good communication and the ability to resolve family conflicts in a positive way.

For example, the issue of discipline is often a source of friction between new marriage partners in a step family. A new step parent enters without an established role in dealing with misbehavior. Unless both parents are able to agree on an acceptable approach to discipline, conflict between partners may lead to inconsistent messages and the undermining of each parent in front of the children.

Because step families don’t have a shared history, family celebrations such as holidays and birthdays, and even just common daily rituals need to be recreated with their own identity without threatening old and familiar patterns that children may want to hang on to. Therefore, extra concentration on communication and consultation among step family members is vital to the success of the new family.

Family meetings are a helpful way to aid this communication. They work best when they are kept short (no more than 15 minutes), stick to an agreed list of topics to discuss, and when fun issues as well as problems are discussed.

Meetings encourage children to express their opinions and to contribute toward solving problems. It is important though to avoid family meetings becoming “nag” sessions and to ensure that solutions agreed to are carried out.